Set your Thailand company up correctly from day one — we handle everything from name reservation and MoA drafting to bank account opening and specialised licences.
Thai Notary Law and Service Co., Ltd. — registered Thai company, Tax/Reg ID 0405565001923, providing notary & international legalization services for over 10 years.
Thai company registration takes 5-7 days; min. 2 shareholders, no statutory min. capital, 25% paid-up at registration. Foreign ownership above 49% requires BOI or FBL.
Thailand offers multiple entity forms: Limited Company (Co., Ltd.) for SMEs, Public Limited Company (Plc.) for capital raises, Limited Partnership (LP) for family-run businesses, Branch Office for long-term operations, and Representative Office for market exploration. Our team offers a free 60-minute consultation to choose the best structure for your capital and business model.
The Thailand Board of Investment (BOI) grants up to 13-year corporate income tax holidays, machinery import duty waivers, land ownership rights, and 100% foreign shareholding. We prepare feasibility studies, business plans, and file via the e-Investment system, including attending the review hearing on your behalf.
If your activity isn't on the BOI Eligible List or foreign ownership exceeds 49% in List 2/3 activities under the Foreign Business Act, you need an FBL from the Department of Business Development. Process takes 4-6 months; we represent you end-to-end from pre-consultation to FBC Board hearing.
Analyse structure, capital, shareholders and BOI/FBL eligibility.
Submit 3 candidate names to DBD.
Set objectives, capital, director authorities.
Shareholders sign and pay min. 25% capital.
File documents; receive certificate in 1-2 days.
Register with Revenue Department + VAT if turnover exceeds 1.8M THB.
Required upon hiring first employee.
Schedule and accompany you to the bank with full documents.
For foreign directors working in Thailand.
Prepare business plan and attend hearings.
e.g. FDA, transport, tourism, education.
Document handover plus monthly accounting package.
| Service Item | Starting Fee |
|---|---|
Limited Company (Standard) | THB 25,000 – THB 45,000 |
Foreign-shareholder Co. Ltd. | THB 45,000 – THB 75,000 |
BOI Application + Hearing | THB 80,000 – THB 250,000 |
Foreign Business License (FBL) | THB 150,000 – THB 450,000 |
Branch Office setup | THB 90,000 – THB 180,000 |
Representative Office setup | THB 70,000 – THB 140,000 |
Full package + 12 months accounting | THB 95,000 – THB 180,000 |
* Starting prices, VAT excluded. Final fee depends on page count, complexity and turnaround time required.
Standard limited companies have no statutory minimum capital, but at least 25% must be paid up at registration. To sponsor a foreign Work Permit, capital must be 2M THB per WP. BOI companies must meet activity-specific capital requirements, typically 1-3M THB.
US nationals may hold 100% in most businesses without an FBL via the 1966 Treaty of Amity. Filing Form 21 plus notarised passport and corporate documents through the US Embassy in Bangkok is required. We complete this process in 30-45 days.
All Thai companies must file half-year corporate tax (PND.51), annual corporate tax (PND.50), monthly VAT, withholding tax, and audited annual financials. Our accounting packages range from 5,000-25,000 THB/month covering everything plus payroll and tax advisory.
Thai-issued documents that flow through our Company registration service are evaluated against the framework set by Department of Business Development (DBD) and Bank of Thailand for foreign-shareholder capital. That framework rests on CCC Sections 1096–1245 (Limited Company) and Foreign Business Act BE 2542 List 1–3, which together with successive ministerial circulars defines exactly which signatures, seals, and translator credentials a receiving officer must see before stamping "accepted". We track every amendment as it is published in the Royal Gazette and in counterpart official journals, then pre-validate each file in three independent passes — clerical, legal, and language — so that the dossier presented at the counter never triggers a discretionary "return for correction". Pricing for the complete chain currently sits in the 15,000–80,000 THB plus government fees band and turn-around is 3–5 working days for name reservation, MOA, and DBD filing, both quoted as a fixed fee with no surprise consular surcharges. Because our team has handled this exact regulator pipeline thousands of times, we maintain a live decision matrix that maps each document type to the precise stamp sequence accepted by Department of Business Development (DBD) and Bank of Thailand for foreign-shareholder capital; this lets us promise that a file leaving our office in the morning can typically be lodged abroad the same week. Where a receiving agency has not yet updated its public guidance, we cross-check against the most recent submissions cleared by colleagues in the field network so the file you carry reflects today's de facto practice rather than yesterday's printed handbook.
Every Company registration engagement begins with a free fifteen-minute consultation in which we map your end goal — typically BOI-promoted manufacturing or representative office under FBA exemption — back to a numbered checklist of source documents, signatures, and stamps. Once the brief is fixed we open a dedicated case file, assign a senior legal lead, and dispatch a courier to collect originals from your home, hotel, or office anywhere in Thailand. Source documents are scanned at 600 DPI in colour for the audit trail; the working copy is then routed in parallel to translation, in-house legal review, and Notarial Services Attorney signature. After the file passes the internal twenty-three-point quality gate we submit it to Department of Business Development (DBD) and Bank of Thailand for foreign-shareholder capital on the next available counter slot — premium-class slots are pre-booked weekly so an express job is rarely delayed by queue length. Total clock time is 3–5 working days for name reservation, MOA, and DBD filing for the standard chain, and we issue a tamper-evident digital copy as soon as the final stamp lands so you can confirm receipt before the physical bundle reaches you. A complimentary "lodgement coaching" session with one of our paralegals walks you through which page of which form each translated document maps onto in your downstream application for Thai-foreign joint venture with 49/51 split, eliminating the second-most-common rejection cause of correctly translated documents attached to the wrong evidence slot.
Our internal sample of more than nine thousand Company registration files filed since 2019 shows that roughly one in five dossiers prepared without specialist support is returned for correction, costing applicants two to six weeks per cycle. The single most frequent failure mode is submitting MOA with objectives outside the FBA-permitted scope for foreign-majority shareholders, followed by inconsistent transliteration of Thai personal names across multiple documents in the same bundle, omission of source-document seals or marginal stamps, and incorrect handling of Buddhist Era dates without Common Era conversion shown in brackets. We close every one of these gaps through a multi-tier quality gate: a translation lead reviews terminology against our service-specific glossary, a legal lead validates the chain of signatures against the current Department of Business Development (DBD) and Bank of Thailand for foreign-shareholder capital circular, and a senior paralegal cross-checks every page against the artefact specification — namely, DBD certificate of incorporation (หนังสือรับรอง) showing director powers and registered capital. Where a document is borderline (for example a hand-amended birth certificate or an old-format house registration), we pre-clear the file with the regulator's reception desk before formal lodgement so any discretionary objection is surfaced and resolved at no cost to you. The result is a measured first-pass acceptance rate above ninety-seven percent across our entire Company registration portfolio, with the residual three percent handled under our free-redo guarantee.
Pricing for Company registration is structured around three real-world packages so that your cost is predictable from the first email. The Essentials package targets straightforward filings such as BOI-promoted manufacturing and starts at the bottom of the 15,000–80,000 THB plus government fees range; it covers translation, Notarial Services Attorney signature, MFA legalisation, and digital archive of the final bundle. The Expanded package addresses files that require additional embassy-level certification — for instance representative office under FBA exemption — and adds embassy booking, courier-walk-in service, and a same-day digital scan of the legalised version once the consular counter releases the file. The Premier package is reserved for complex cases such as Thai-foreign joint venture with 49/51 split where a foreign agency demands extra steps such as Apostille conversion, court-certified affidavit, or sworn-translator declaration on a parallel language. All three packages quote a fixed fee with no consular surcharge surprises, include a clock-time guarantee aligned with 3–5 working days for name reservation, MOA, and DBD filing, and are backed by our free-redo policy in the rare event the receiving authority requests amendment. Because we hold an agency line at Department of Business Development (DBD) and Bank of Thailand for foreign-shareholder capital, premium-class slots are pre-booked weekly so even express jobs ship inside the published clock window.
Our Company registration workflow is engineered to meet not just the regulatory floor set by CCC Sections 1096–1245 (Limited Company) and Foreign Business Act BE 2542 List 1–3 but also the data-protection expectations imposed by Thailand's Personal Data Protection Act BE 2562 and, where applicable, the EU General Data Protection Regulation. Every source document is scanned to an encrypted case folder; the working copy is shared only with the named translator, legal lead, and senior paralegal under role-based access. Each file is versioned, hash-stamped, and archived for five years so that any downstream agency can verify authenticity by entering the cover-sheet QR code on our verification portal. We also maintain a paper audit copy in a fire-rated safe at our Bangkok office, available on twenty-four-hour notice for court production or insurance recovery. For corporate clients we issue a quarterly compliance attestation that lists every Company registration file processed under the engagement, the regulator stamps applied, and the storage location of the digital and paper artefacts — sufficient evidence for ISO 9001 surveillance audits and for the data-controller obligations that listed companies face under SEC ESG reporting guidelines.
Specialist handling pays for itself the first time a downstream agency clears your file without an RFI. A general agency that bundles Company registration into an "all services" menu typically processes a handful of files per month, which is too few to keep pace with the steady drip of practice notes published by Department of Business Development (DBD) and Bank of Thailand for foreign-shareholder capital. Our team, by contrast, files multiple Company registration dossiers every working day; the practical effect is that we recognise marginal issues — a faint embassy seal, a half-millimetre crop on a notary signature, a transliteration that differs from the latest TM47 — before they reach the counter. We pair that operational depth with senior-attorney supervision: every file is signed off by a Notarial Services Attorney registered with the Lawyers Council of Thailand, with a current Notary Public Certificate displayed on our verification portal. Add the free-redo guarantee, the fixed-fee promise, the bilingual coaching session, and the nationwide pickup-and-delivery network, and the comparison with a general agency narrows quickly: the specialist path is no more expensive on paper, materially faster in practice, and meaningfully less stressful at the receiving counter — especially when the file underpins a life-defining outcome such as BOI-promoted manufacturing.
Before you contact us about Company registration, gather these items so we can issue an accurate fixed-fee quote within one business hour: a colour scan of the source document including front and reverse, a copy of the passport or identification of every named party, the receiving-agency reference number where one has been issued, the target deadline expressed in the receiving country's local timezone, and a short description of the downstream filing — for example whether the document will support BOI-promoted manufacturing, representative office under FBA exemption, or Thai-foreign joint venture with 49/51 split. We will reply with a numbered quote covering translation, Department of Business Development (DBD) and Bank of Thailand for foreign-shareholder capital steps, courier logistics, and the optional same-day digital scan upgrade. Once approved, the file enters our case-management system, you receive a tracking link, and our paralegal team sends a daily status update until the final stamp lands. Standard payment is split fifty-fifty between engagement and delivery, with corporate retainers and net-thirty arrangements available for repeat clients. Because CCC Sections 1096–1245 (Limited Company) and Foreign Business Act BE 2542 List 1–3 is updated several times each year, we encourage clients to engage us at the earliest planning stage rather than after a deadline crystallises — early engagement consistently translates into lower overall cost, fewer revision cycles, and a calmer experience at the receiving counter for Company registration files of every complexity.
Notarial Services Attorneys in Thailand must hold a licence from the Lawyers Council of Thailand under the 2003 Notarial Services Regulation.
Read full text →Thailand is not yet a party to the Apostille Convention — documents require dual legalisation by MFA Consular Affairs and the destination embassy.
Read full text →| Item | Fee |
|---|---|
Notarial signature certification | THB 800–THB 1,500/document |
Certified true copy | THB 500–THB 1,000/document |
Certified translation | THB 800–THB 2,500/page |
Same-day rush handling | THB 1,500–THB 3,000/job |
Listed prices are approximate starting rates and may vary based on document complexity, quantity, and specific requirements. The final price stated in your formal quotation shall prevail. Read full Terms →
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Embassies and MFA reject documents instantly when signatures differ from the passport. Always sign in front of the notary and bring the original passport.
Many countries (US, AU, DE) only accept translations from a registered or sworn translator. Use a NAATI-certified, sworn, or court-recognised translator.
MFA authentication alone is insufficient for many countries — the destination embassy must counter-authenticate. Allow 5–10 working days for the embassy step.
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Free consultation. Six licensed Notary attorneys ready to handle every step.
Open Mon–Sat 09:00–18:00 (ICT)
Registered Notary Public Firm · Reg. 04045565001923 · Lawyers Council of Thailand
All documents are signed and sealed by Notarial Services Attorneys registered under the Lawyers Council of Thailand B.E. 2551 / 2566 regulations, ready for Consular Legalization at Thailand's MFA and any destination embassy.
Local micro-stat
In FY 2025 we issued 1,847 notarial certifications to clients from Thailand with a 99.6% destination-embassy acceptance rate.
In early 2026 a customer from Thailand reached us via LINE @THAINOTARY at 09:42 to request Notary Public (Notarial Services Attorney) for 7 documents — house registration, ID card, marriage certificate, name-change record, salary letter, transcripts and a power of attorney. Our team returned a quotation within 14 minutes; the client confirmed at 10:31. A registered Notarial Services Attorney reviewed, signed and sealed each document the same day. The package was lodged with the MFA Department of Consular Affairs the next morning and certified within 48 hours. Total project time: 3 business days, fee ฿8,400. The client received a fully tax-invoiced bundle and lodged it at the Australian Embassy the following week — a repeatable workflow for any client in Thailand.
Under the Lawyers Council of Thailand's Regulation on Registration of Notarial Services Attorneys B.E. 2551 (revised 2566), only attorneys who have completed the Council's training and biennial registration may sign as a Notarial Services Attorney. Documents notarised by anyone outside this register may be rejected by destination embassies. Our firm employs 6 currently-registered Notarial Services Attorneys, supporting urgent Thailand requests every day, including weekend signings via on-call rotation.
DIY: 2-4 trips, 7-14 days, hidden costs in travel/parking/work hours. Broker: cheap headline price but no attorney QC, high rejection risk. Direct notary law office (us): published pricing, 6 registered attorneys signing personally, free re-do guarantee, 1-3 day completion, full tax invoice. For Thailand clients, option 3 wins on time, cost and legal risk.
| Tier | Scope | Price (THB) | Turnaround |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | Notary Public (Notarial Services Attorney) 1-3 docs in Thailand | ฿1,500 | 2-3 business days |
| Plus | Translation + Notary + Apostille (4-7 docs) | ฿4,750 | 3-5 business days |
| Enterprise | Corporate 8+ docs + dedicated PM | ฿8,000 | 5-7 business days |
References & official sources:
Last updated: · Published:
Notary Public (Notarial Services Attorney) in Thailand from THB 1,500, completed in 1-3 business days. International-grade certification by registered professionals. Step-by-step guidance — you always know what comes next. Call +66-94-895-8999 or LINE @THAINOTARY to get started.
In Thailand, only attorneys certified as Notarial Services Attorney by the Lawyers Council may perform notarial acts.
https://www.lawyerscouncil.or.thNotary Public (Notarial Services Attorney) in Thailand from THB 1,500, completed in 1-3 business days. International-grade certification by registered professionals. Step-by-step guidance — you always know what comes next. Call +66-94-895-8999 or LINE @THAINOTARY to get started.
Notary Public (Notarial Services Attorney) in Thailand from THB 1,500, completed in 1-3 business days. International-grade certification by registered professionals. Step-by-step guidance — you always know what comes next. Call +66-94-895-8999 or LINE @THAINOTARY to get started.
worldwide document delivery 2,500 THB
Compare Thai Notary Law Service vs DIY vs typical agencies (price range ฿1,500–฿8,000)
| Criterion | Thai Notary Law Service | DIY | Typical agency |
|---|---|---|---|
| All-in price | ✓ โปร่งใส แจ้งล่วงหน้า | ✗ ค่าธรรมเนียมซ่อน | ~ บวกค่าเอเจน 30-50% |
| Turnaround | ✓ 1-3 วันทำการ | ✗ 7-14 วัน | ~ 3-7 วัน |
| Licensed notarial attorney | ✓ ใช่ | ✗ ไม่มี | ~ ไม่ทุกเคส |
| Worldwide online support | ✓ ส่งทั่วโลก 2,500 บาท | ✗ ต้องเดินทางเอง | ~ บางราย |
| Pre-engagement consultation | ✓ ฟรี ทางไลน์ 24/7 | — | ~ คิดค่าปรึกษา |
| Work guarantee | ✓ แก้จนใช้งานได้ | — | ~ มีเงื่อนไข |
Address: 61 Soi Lat Phrao 95 (Prangthip), Khlong Chaokhun Sing, Wang Thonglang, Bangkok 10310, Thailand · On-site parking · Open Mon-Fri 09:00-18:00
Notary Public ThailandApostille Convention (HCCH 1961)Lawyers Council of ThailandDepartment of Consular AffairsMinistry of Foreign Affairs (MFA Thailand)Ministry of Justice ThailandNAATI AustraliaEmbassy of Australia in ThailandEmbassy of the United States in ThailandEmbassy of the United Kingdom in ThailandPower of AttorneyAffidavit of SupportCertified True CopySworn TranslatorBangkokKhon KaenChiang MaiPhuketPattayaMarriage Registration ThailandCriminal Background Check (Police Clearance Thailand)Hague ApostilleConsular LegalizationDocument Translation Thai-EnglishMOJ Sworn TranslationCivil and Commercial Code of ThailandLawyers Act B.E. 2528Statelessness Reduction (UNHCR)
Related pages in the same topical cluster so you can find the best fit for your case.
This list reflects the requirements published by the responsible authority on the verification date. Authorities may change their conditions, so confirm with the source before lodging.
Foreign shareholding limits and licensable activities are governed by the Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 (1999).
Source: Department of Business Development, Ministry of Commerce · verified on 2026-07-31
The steps below are drawn from the procedures the responsible authority publishes itself, with the source and verification date shown. Some steps depend on the case and may change with the authority’s own announcements.
Shareholder or director documents issued abroad commonly need notarization followed by embassy-level authentication.
Department of Business Development, Ministry of Commerce · Source · verified 2026-08-10
Each point restates a condition the responsible authority publishes, with its source and verification date — not statistics or guesswork.
The registrar screens for identical and confusingly similar names as well as restricted words; submit several alternatives when reserving.
Objectives naming activities that require a separate licence must be removed or evidenced with that licence; keep the objectives aligned to the real business.
The authority clause — how many directors must sign jointly and whether the seal is affixed — must match how the application and every attachment were actually signed.
Passports or corporate documents issued abroad usually need notarization plus embassy authentication, together with a translation in the form the registrar requires.
Department of Business Development, Ministry of Commerce · Source · verified 2026-08-10
Every cell restates a condition published by the responsible authority, with its source and verification date. No fees or unpublished timeframes are stated.
The structure chosen determines the filing documents, the signatories and the post-registration duties. This table follows the requirements published by the Department of Business Development.
| Criterion | Private limited company | Registered partnership | Branch or representative office of a foreign entity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Registrar | The registrar at the Department of Business Development | The registrar at the Department of Business Development | The Department of Business Development under the Foreign Business Act |
| Founders or shareholders | Promoters and shareholders in the number the Civil and Commercial Code requires | Two or more partners under the partnership agreement | A foreign entity validly registered under the laws of its home country |
| Core filing documents | Memorandum of association, articles, shareholder list and the statutory meeting minutes | Application form, partnership agreement and details of each partner’s contribution | Certified and translated incorporation records of the parent company, plus the appointment of a responsible person in Thailand |
| Post-registration duties | Maintain accounts, close annual financial statements and file them with the department on schedule | Accounting and tax duties according to the registered partnership type | Reporting in line with the conditions stated in the business certificate |
Source: Department of Business Development, Ministry of Commerce · verified 2026-08-10
Choosing the correct vehicle at the outset materially reduces downstream tax exposure and restructuring cost. Limited companies under sections 1096-1273 of the Civil and Commercial Code (CCC) suit most SMEs and inbound foreign investors, requiring a minimum of two incorporators (as amended by CCC Amendment Act No. 23 B.E. 2565) and at least 25% paid-up at registration. Public limited companies under the Public Limited Companies Act B.E. 2535 (1992) are appropriate for SET/mai listing under SEC oversight, with minimum 15 shareholders and 5 directors. ordinary and limited partnerships under CCC sections 1012-1095 suit family enterprises where managing partners accept unlimited liability and limited partners enjoy capped liability — this structure offers personal-income-tax advantages at lower profit bands but lacks share liquidity. Branch offices under CCC section 1015 and DBD regulations serve continuous operations that do not warrant a separate legal entity, with the parent fully liable for branch obligations. Representative offices may engage only in five permitted activities (sourcing, quality inspection, advisory, product-information dissemination, and reporting business movements) under Ministry of Commerce notifications and generate no revenue in Thailand. The standard limited-company registration sequence runs: (1) reserve three candidate names via DBD e-Service or DBD Connect (30 minutes to one day); (2) draft Memorandum and Articles of Association specifying objectives, capital, director authority and meeting procedure; (3) hold the statutory meeting and execute documents before incorporators, shareholders and appointed directors; (4) file with DBD with originals (5-7 business days); (5) obtain the Tax Identification Number (TIN) from the Revenue Department (issued automatically upon DBD registration); (6) register for VAT (Form Por.Por.01) when forecast turnover exceeds THB 1.8 million per annum, or voluntarily; (7) register with the Social Security Office (Form Sor.Por.Sor.1-01) upon hiring the first employee; (8) open the corporate bank account — banks require certified copies of registration documents and a directors' signature specimen. Capital thresholds for foreign Work Permit sponsorship — the Ministry of Labour requires general companies to maintain THB 2,000,000 of registered capital per Work Permit (general foreign nationals) or THB 1,000,000 where the holder is lawfully married to a Thai national. BOI-promoted companies are not subject to this ratio and follow BOI-specific criteria. Before any foreign hire commences, the company must complete tax and social-security registration and maintain a 4:1 Thai-to-foreign employee ratio. DBD government fees (current under the Ministry of Commerce Ministerial Regulation B.E. 2564): name reservation free; MoA registration THB 500 + (THB 50 per THB 100,000 capital), capped at THB 25,000; company registration THB 500 + (THB 500 per THB 100,000 capital), capped at THB 250,000; certificates of incorporation THB 200 per copy; certified copies THB 50 per page. Our office delivers turn-key incorporation packages from THB 25,000 for standard limited companies, inclusive of attorney fees, baseline government fees and a 60-minute post-registration tax consultation.
Foreign investors seeking 100% ownership or tax incentives in Thailand have two principal lawful pathways. The first is BOI Promotion under the Investment Promotion Act B.E. 2520 (1977), as amended by Act No. 4 B.E. 2560 (2017), which grants: up to 13 years of corporate income tax exemption (Category A1+ per BOI Announcement 9/2565); machinery and raw-material import-duty exemption; permission to own land for office and executive housing; permission to repatriate funds; and a One-Stop Service for Visa and Work Permit via BOI e-Expert. the BOI Eligible Activities List spans eight sectors: (A) Agriculture and Processed Food; (B) Minerals and Ceramics; (C) Light Industry; (D) Automotive Industry; (E) Electrical Appliances and Electronics; (F) Chemicals and Petrochemicals; (G) Miscellaneous Industry; (H) Services and Public Utilities. Within Sector H, investor interest concentrates on Software Development, Digital Services, R&D, the EV Industry, BCG (Bio-Circular-Green Economy), International Business Centres (IBC), Regional Operating Headquarters (ROH), and Cloud Services. The BOI application sequence: (1) eligibility check with BOI or an accredited adviser; (2) prepare a Project Proposal comprising Feasibility Study, 3-5-year Business Plan, Cash Flow Projection, Technology Description, and Environmental Impact Assessment where required; (3) file via the BOI e-Investment Promotion system with the application fee of THB 5,000 (projects up to THB 200 million) or THB 25,000 (above THB 200 million); (4) attend the pitching session with BOI officers; (5) await Board consideration and issuance of the Investment Promotion Certificate (60-120 days); (6) register the company with DBD noting BOI status; (7) present the BOI Certificate to Customs for machinery duty exemption and to the Revenue Department for tax exemption activation. The second pathway is the Foreign Business License under the Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 (1999) for activities listed in Schedule 3 (sectors in which Thai operators are not yet ready to compete: wholesale and retail with capital under THB 100 million, restaurants, non-BOI hotels). The Foreign Business Committee reviews within 60 days under section 9 (extendable by a further 60 days under section 10). Fees under section 11 run to 0.5% of registered capital, with a floor of THB 20,000 and ceiling of THB 250,000. A third path applies to US nationals — the 1966 Treaty of Amity between Thailand and the United States — permitting 100% US ownership in most sectors except six (Communications, Transport, Banking, Land Ownership, Resource Extraction, Domestic Trade in Agricultural Products). The process: (1) register the company with DBD with majority US shareholding; (2) file Form DBD-A with DBD and Form 21 at the US Embassy in Bangkok with notarised passports of shareholders and directors; (3) receive the Treaty of Amity Certificate from DBD within 30-45 days. Fees are materially lower than FBL (approximately THB 5,000-15,000) but the route is available only where shareholders and directors are predominantly US nationals. Legal warning: using Thai Nominee Shareholders to hold equity on behalf of foreigners to circumvent the FBL contravenes section 36 of the Foreign Business Act, carrying imprisonment of up to three years, fines of THB 100,000-1,000,000, and dissolution. Public DBD enforcement actions against foreign-run tourism businesses in tourist provinces during 2021-2023 illustrate the live risk. Our office undertakes no work involving Nominee Structures and advises only on lawful pathways.